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外國人學習中文的基礎漢字

發布時間:2019-01-25 10:14:25 已幫助:504人

外國人學習中文的基礎漢字

上海漢語培訓

語言的學習很基礎的一點就是詞匯的積累,為了更好的幫助外國友人學習中文,小編為大家整理分享了基礎的漢字,有學習需求的朋友可以來看看,了解一下自己都學到了多少。

  Just months before arriving in Beijing, I asked my Chinese friend to give me a Chinese name。 She said it was easy since “Andy” can be transliterated to just 安迪(ān, safe; dí, guide)。
  去北京的前幾個月,我讓我的中國朋友給我起個中國名字。她說因為我的名字Andy可以直接音譯為漢字“安迪”,給我起名字簡直是小菜一碟。
  When I did some background research of places to visit in Beijing, Tian’anmen 天安門(Tiān’ānmén or Gate of Heavenly Peace) was one of the recommended spots。 The word Tian’anmen got me really interested in learning more characters because it had the same ān as in my name。 Then I started using Pleco to decipher subway station names (especially when it’s overcrowded or when I’m on a long train journey)。
  我在查詢北京的游覽攻略時,熱門游覽地中有個叫“天安門”的。“天安門”這個詞引起了我想要認識更多漢字的欲望,因為它和我的名字當中都有一個“安”字。之后我便開始用漢語字典查詢地鐵站的名字。(尤其是在擁擠時或是長途旅行中)
  I remember my Chinese teacher telling me that I would have to memorize not only the phrases but also the pinyin and the characters if I wanted to learn Chinese。 It’s hard I must say, but just knowing basic characters will give you enough background to get around, especially when you’re traveling, dining out, or going to malls。
  記得我的中文老師告訴我,想要學習漢語,不僅要記詞組,還要記拼音和漢字、我必須承認這很難,但是只要了解了基礎漢字就足以讓你在北京四處逛逛了,尤其是旅行,吃飯,購物。
  I found several resources listing the first 100 Chinese characters beginners to the language might memorize。 The first 50 are almost the same, but the lists differ when it comes to the 60 to 100 character tier。 Regardless, this list from Learning Chinese Everyday certainly helps, especially for knowing about 80 characters that can help beginners to the language compose simple sentences。
  我找到了一些資料,上面列著漢語初學者需要記憶的100個漢字。前50個字幾乎相同,但從第60個開始就有些不同了。盡管如此,“ Learning Chinese Everyday”上的這個列表確實有用,尤其是當你前80個字,你就可以造一些簡單的句子了。
  If you find pronouncing the characters difficult, we have a starter guide which provides an easy way to speak the four Chinese tones。 In the list below, you’ll find the pronunciation guide along with a number, its grammatical function, and lexical meaning。 The number indicates the character’s usage in most Chinese conversations。
  如果你覺得發音很難,我們有“初學者指南”,它提供了一個簡單的方法來發漢語的四聲。在下面這個列表中,每一個發音后都標著一個數字,表示這個字的語法及詞匯功能。數字代表這個字在漢語會話中的用途。
  The website also says that “to understand 90 percent of the content in Chinese publications, students have to learn only about 900 Chinese characters and 11,000 phrases/words。”
  該網站還標榜“想要看懂中文出版物90%的內容,你只需學習900個左右的漢字和1.1萬個詞匯或詞組”。
  1 的 (de / 95.9) – particle used after an attribute
  2 一 (yī / 94.3) – noun one
  3 是 (shì / 93.0) – verb to be; adjective correct, right
  4 不 (bù / 91.8) – adverb no
  5 了 (le / 90.7) – particle used after an action that has taken place or changed
  6 在 (zài / 89.7) – preposition in, on, at; adverb indicating an ongoing action
  7 人 (rén / 88.7) – noun human, people, person soul
  8 有(yǒu / 87.8) – verb have, possess, get, there is
  9 我 (wǒ / 86.9) – pronoun I; 我的 wǒde my; 我們 wǒmen we, us
  10 他 (tā / 86.1) – pronoun he, him; 他的 tāde his
  11 這 (zhè / 85.3) – pronoun this, these
  12 個 (gè / 84.7) – general measure word for nouns without specific measure words; adjectiveindividual
  13 們 (men / 84.1) – pronoun used to form a plural pronoun
  14 中 (zhōng / 83.5) – noun center, middle, in the midst of; abbrev。 China
  15 來 (82.9 / lái) – verb arrive, come; indicate an intended action; particle indicate time period from past to present
  16 上 (shàng / 82.4) – preposition on, above, upper; verb go up, go to, leave for; adjective last, most recent
  17 大 (dà / 81.8) – adjective great, large, big; age; eldest
  18 為 (wèi / 81.3) – preposition for, in the sake of
  19 和 (hé / 80.8) – conjunction and; preposition in connection to, with; adjective gentle; noun total, sum
  20 國 (guó / 80.3) – noun country, state; adjective national
  21 地 (dì / 79.8) – noun the ground; land, soil; place, area
  22 到 (dào / 79.3) – verb arrive, reach, go to; preposition up until, to
  23 以 (yǐ / 78.8) – preposition by, for; conjunction and, as well as
  24 說 (shuō / 78.4) – verb to say, speak, talk; to explain; to scold
  25 時 (shí / 77.9) – noun period of time; time of day, hour
  26 要 (yào / 77.5) – verb to want, ask for, wish; must, should; shall, will; take, need; adjectiveimportant, essential
  27 就 (jiù / 77.1) – adverb at once, right away; already; precisely
  28 出 (chū / 76.7) – verb to go out, go beyond; exceed; to issue, produce; to happen
  29 會 (huì / 76.3) – verb can, be able to; would, might; to assemble; to meet; noun meeting, party; association
  30 可 (kě / 76.0) – verb can, may; conjunction but, yet, however
  31 也 (yě / 75.6) – adverb too, as well, also; used for emphasis
  32 你 (nǐ / 75.2) – pronoun you, yourself; your (used with 的 de)
  33 對 (duì / 74.9) – adjective right, correct; opposite; verb to answer, reply; preposition with regard to
  34 生 (shēng / 74.5) – verb to bear, to give birth to; noun student; adjective alive, living; unripe, raw
  35 能 (néng / 74.2) – verb can, could, be able to; noun ability, skill; energy; adjective capable, able
  36 而 (ér / 73.8) – conjunction and, as well as, to
  37 子 (zǐ / 73.5) – noun son, child; person; copper; adjective young, tender, small; affiliated
  38 那 (nà / 73.2) – pronoun that, then
  39 得 (dé / 72.8) – verb to get, obtain; be satisfied; be suitable; (of calculation) result in, equal
  40 于 (yú / 72.5) – preposition in, on, at; from; by
  41 著 (zhe / 72.2) – particle added to a verb or an adjective to indicate a continued action
  42 下 (xià / 71.9) – preposition below, under; verb to go down; to come; adverb down; noun next (in order)
  43 自 (zì / 71.6) – pronoun self; preposition from, since; adverb of course, certainly
  44 之 (zhī / 71.2) – particle used between an attribute and the word it modifies
  45 年 (nián / 70.9) – noun year; age; adjective annually, yearly
  46 過 (guò / 70.6) – verb to cross, pass; to exceed; to spend (time); adverb too
  47 發 (fā / 70.3) – verb to give, issue, emit; to start; to feel; to shoot; measure word for bullets and shells
  48 后 (hòu / 70.0) – noun behind, back, rear; after; later; last
  49 作 (zuò / 69.8) – verb to write, compose; regard as; noun writings; work
  50 里 (lǐ / 69.5) – preposition in, inside; noun inner; hometown; neighborhood; measure word unit of length
  51 用 (yòng / 69.2) – verb to use, apply; to consume, drink, eat; noun expenses; adjective utility, use
  52 道 (dào / 68.9) – noun road, way; method; Taoism; verb to say, speak; measure word for long, narrow objects; doors, walls; questions, orders; courses in a meal
  53 行 (xíng / 68.7) – verb to go; to travel; to cover; to do; to perform; to publish; noun conduct
  54 所 (suǒ 68.4) – noun place; office; measure word for houses, schools, hospitals
  55 然 (rán / 68.1) – adjective right, correct; adverb so, like that
  56 家 (jiā / 67.9) – noun family; house; household, home; an expert
  57 種 (zhòng / 67.6) – verb to grow, plant; to cultivate; to sow
  58 事 (shì / 67.3) – noun matter, affair, business; work, job; trouble, accident; involvement, responsibility
  59 成 (chéng / 67.1) – verb to accomplish, succeed; to turn into, become; noun result, achievement
  60 方 (fāng / 66.8) – noun square; direction; place, locality; side; party
  61 多 (duō / 66.6) – adjective a lot of, many, more; verb to have more; adverb to what extent
  62 經 (jīng / 66.3) – verb to manage, deal with; to pass through, undergo, experience; bear; adjectiveregular, constant; preposition after
  63 么 (me / 66.1) – suffix for certain characters (pronoun 什么shenme / what; 那么nàme / then, like that)
  64 去 (qù / 65.8) – verb to go; to go to a place; to remove;
  65 法 (fǎ / 65.5) – noun law; method; way; standard; model
  66 學 (xué / 65.4) – verb to study, to learn; to imitate, mimic; noun school, college
  67 如 (rú / 65.1) – verb like, as, if; for instance; conjunction if
  68 都 (dōu / 64.9) – adverb all, both; even; already
  69 同 (tóng / 64.7) – verb be the same as; adverb together, in common; preposition used for comparison
  70 現 (xiàn / 64.4) – verb to show, to appear, to become visible; adjective present, current; nouncash, money
  71 當 (dāng / 64.2) – verb should; act as; accept; deserve; preposition just at
  72 沒 (méi / 64.0) – verb to be without; not have; adverb not
  73 動 (dòng / 63.8) – verb to move; to use; to touch; to arouse
  74 面 (miàn / 63.6) – noun noodle; face; surface; measure word for flat things
  75 起 (qǐ / 63.3) – verb to rise, to get up; to grow, to begin; adjective upward, up
  76 看 (kàn / 63.1) – verb to see, to look at, to watch over; to look after, tend
  77 定 (dìng / 62.9) – verb to decide, fix, set; to subscribe; adjective calm, stable; adverb surely, definitely
  78 天 (tiān / 62.7) – noun sky, heaven; weather; time of day
  79 分 (fēn / 62.5) – verb to divide, part, separate; to allot, distribute, assign; measure word for minute, cent, fraction, point, mark
  80 還 (hái / 62.3) – adverb still, yet; even more; also, too; even
  81 進 (jìn / 62.0) – verb to advance, move forward; to enter, get into
  82 好 (hǎo / 61.8) – adjective good, fine, well; done
  83 小 (xiǎo / 61.6) – adjective small, little, minor; young, youngest; a bit
  84 部 (bù / 61.4) – noun part, section; headquarters, department; measure word for machines, vehicles; films
  85 其 (qí / 61.2) – pronoun his, her, its, their; he, she, it, they; that, such
  86 些 (xiē / 61.0) – measure word some, few; a little more
  87 主 (zhǔ / 60.8) – noun host; master; owner; adjective main; verb to manage, to take charge
  88 樣 (yàng / 60.6) – noun appearance, shape; sample, pattern; type
  89 理 (lǐ / 60.4) – noun reason, logic, truth; verb to manage, run; to put in order
  90 心 (xīn / 60.2) – noun heart; core, center; feeling; mind; intention
  91 她 (tā / 60.0) – pronoun she, her, hers
  92 本 (běn / 59.8) – noun book, script; adjective current; adverb at first, originally measure word for books
  93 前 (qián /59.6) – noun front; forward; ahead; ago; before
  94 開 (kāi / 59.4) – verb to open, open up; to begin, start; to operate; to hold (a meeting)
  95 但 (dàn / 59.2) – conjunction but, still, yet; adverb only
  96 因 (yīn / 59.0) – preposition because of noun cause, reason
  97 只 (zhǐ / 58.8) – adverb only, merely, just, but
  98 從 (cóng / 58.6) – preposition from, through, past; verb to follow; to comply, obey
  99 想 (xiǎng / 58.4) – verb to think, to ponder; to miss; to want (doing something)
  100 實 (shí / 58.2) – adjective solid; real, true; factual; noun reality, fact; fruit; seed

以上就是小編為大家整理分享的關于【外國人學習中文的基礎漢字】的詳細內容,對中文學習感興趣的朋友可以在線與我們聯系,我們將為您推薦優質的漢語培訓課程。


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